New treatment for advanced mesothelioma may improve the quality of life for patients with few options. Transarterial chemoperfusion treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has minimal side effects and shows promise for extending patients’ lives.

“MPM is a devastating cancer of the pleura, the membranes surrounding the lungs, that is very difficult to treat,” said Bela Kis, MD, Ph.D., the principal investigator on the study and an interventional radiologist at the Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa. The research was presented during the Society of Interventional Radiology’s 2020 Annual Scientific Meeting on June 14. “The typical survival rate of patients with stage 3 and 4 MPM is around 12 months from diagnosis, but with this new treatment, we are hoping we might be able to extend patients’ lives beyond that–giving them more time with friends and family.”

Twenty-seven patients with MPM were enrolled in the Phase II clinical trial and underwent chemoperfusion treatment. All patients had received prior chemotherapy, many of whom received multiple lines of chemotherapy. In addition, four patients had prior radiation therapy, and three had pleurectomy. Unfortunately, all continued to have disease progression before enrollment.

Transarterial chemoperfusion delivers a relatively high concentration of drugs to diseased tissue in the lining of the lungs to maximize the treatment effect with limited side effects. Unlike other chemotherapy given intravenously and circulates through the entire body, interventional radiologists inject one-third of the chemotherapy cocktail of cisplatin, methotrexate, and gemcitabine directly into the internal mammary artery that supplies the pleura. The other two-thirds of the drugs are injected into the descending aorta, which reaches the intercostal vessels that also supply the pleura. The treatment is an outpatient procedure and typically lasts an hour, followed by a one-hour recovery.

The interim results of the study showed a 70.3% disease control rate and a median overall survival rate of 8.5 months from the start of the chemoperfusion treatment. The treatment was well-tolerated by patients with a major complication rate of 1.4%. Most side effects were relatively minor, including mild nausea and chest pain.

“We were pleasantly surprised to find that this treatment doesn’t come with the same side effects of traditional intravenous chemotherapy,” said Kis. “To see these promising results with so few side effects means we can make a positive impact on the quality of life for these patients.”

Surgery is the only truly effective treatment for MPM, but the disease must be diagnosed early. Unfortunately, only 10 to 20% of patients are candidates for surgery and often experience surgical complications.

The researchers are looking to expand their study to other cancer centers with larger MPM patient populations since the cancer is rare. They also hope to add flexibility to the study to allow for increasing the dosage and changing the combination of medications for individual patients to determine whether either approach could further improve outcomes.